{"id":10851,"date":"2021-12-07T21:35:26","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T21:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/hija-de-la-tierra-edel-moraes-retumba-la-voz-de-los-pueblos-extractivos\/"},"modified":"2022-04-05T13:01:49","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T13:01:49","slug":"a-daughter-of-the-earth-edel-moraes-is-the-voice-of-extractive-peoples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/a-daughter-of-the-earth-edel-moraes-is-the-voice-of-extractive-peoples\/","title":{"rendered":"A daughter of the Earth, Edel Moraes is the voice of extractive peoples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Jessica brasil skroch<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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The defender from Maraj\u00f3 fights for the right to the territory as a place for the reproduction of life. In Maraj\u00f3, the people and the land are one.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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\u201cOne day I just want to highlight the beauties of my Maraj\u00f3. And say how many good people there are who conserve, preserve, and protect the environment. The landscape is beautiful, the forest is generous, the earth is the mother, water is life. However, in the midst of that wealth, we have the lowest human development indices in Brazil. It is a territory that is undergoing an orchestrated, historical process of epistemicide, the death of the rainforest and native peoples.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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\u201cWhat is the relationship between the lack of water in the city and the Amazon, and traditional peoples and communities? Few people will reflect on that. The majority will remain indifferent to these issues and believe that the indigenous peoples who are fighting against the time frame are only a problem for the indigenous people themselves. We do not know our own history. People are unaware of our connection with nature. In any issue concerning climate change, indigenous territories are the last frontiers of the planet\u2019s equilibrium. Without the forest, the world’s climate will collapse.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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At the age of nine, Edel Moraes was forced to leave her community, her family, and her land in the Maraj\u00f3 archipelago, in the Amazon region of northern Brazil, to work and study in the city. Being born in Maraj\u00f3, a mestizo and the daughter of extractivists, practically condemned her to have her rights violated, as if she were not a person. Sadly, she understood this at an early age. After twenty years of struggle in defense of the traditional peoples and territories of Brazil, she is a tireless voice that advocates for the recognition of what should be obvious: \u201cThe rainforest is inhabited by people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Leaving home as a child was not a choice, nor was joining the struggle. Edel does not see herself as an activist because, for her, being an activist was not a decision, but a question of survival. \u201cThe forest is not a cause: it is our life. We are part of it.\u201d Defending the conservation of the forest means defending the people who live in it. Instead of referring to the environment, she speaks of the \u201cwhole environment,\u201d in which people and territory form a whole.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are not invisible, but they make us invisible,\u201d she repeats in every denunciation she makes. Whether at university, a public hearing, or international forums, such as the Climate Summit, Edel carries the message that rainforest peoples live, conserve, and protect the environment, thereby providing a service to all of humanity. However, their lives are constantly under threat, especially because of the \u201cdismantling of public environmental policies implemented by the government itself,\u201d she warns. The \u201cAdopt a park\u201d program, involving the donations of goods and services by companies and individuals for Conservation Units, is an example of this.<\/p>\n

Edel participates on so many fronts that there would not be enough room to list them in this text. Among other things, she is vice president of the Chico Mendes Memorial, an organization affiliated to the National Council of Extractivist Populations (previously known as the National Rubber Tappers\u2019 Council, (Portuguese acronym CNS), of which she was also vice president. She still participates in the Group of Dialogic Studies and Practices in the Context of Traditional Peoples and Communities, at the University of Brasilia.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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In the cradle of the acai harvesters<\/h5>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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The Pag\u00e3o river was the birthplace of a forest guardian. Edel was a happy child in the community of Boa Esperan\u00e7a, in a town devoted to agriculture in the municipality of Curralinho, in the Maraj\u00f3 archipelago, between the states of Par\u00e1 and Amap\u00e1. From Bel\u00e9m, the capital of Par\u00e1, it takes about three hours by boat to Maraj\u00f3, depending on where you disembark. Edel\u2019s rural community is an hour and a half\u2019s drive from the urban area of Curralinho.<\/p>\n

The days spent in the company of her parents, eating what nature produces on the banks of the river, were replaced by engaging in domestic labor to pay for her studies. \u201cIn the place where I was born, education was only available up to fourth grade. From then on, if you wanted your child to study, they had to leave the community,\u201d she says. In family homes, childhood dolls were the children of other parents.<\/span><\/p>\n

With the understanding she now has, Edel realizes she was a domestic slave. There was no respite from the pain of child labor, because being far away from your home and family aggravates any difficulty, particularly so for a child. The little girl could not bear to live away from home and went back to her parents and the rainforest. However, with no other option, at age of 11 she returned to the city, where she remained until she became an adult.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Photo: Caroline Torres<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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In the brief time she spent in Maraj\u00f3, lullabies had turned into the cries of the struggle she would assume for a lifetime. \u201cI fell asleep to the sound of \u2018Come on, come on, waiting is not knowing,\u201d she recalls while reciting the words of the song \u201cDon\u2019t say that I didn\u2019t talk about flowers\u201d by Geraldo Vandr\u00e9. Her parents, Mirac\u00e9lia Moraes and Dulcimar Moraes, were involved in the grassroots ecclesiastical communities and the Rural Workers\u2019 Union and took part in the agrarian regularization movements. Her mother, her role model, was one of the first leaders of Pastoral Care of Children in the territory and took part in the first Marches of the Daisies, a demonstration by Brazilian rural workers.<\/p>\n

Like father, like son. The seeds of the defense of the earth, equality and nature grew in Edel\u2019s heart. After completing her secondary education, she returned to her community at the age of twenty, wanting to do justice. \u201cWith my eyes blazing,\u201d as she says, she began to fight to ensure that no other child from Maraj\u00f3 would have to endure the abuse she suffered.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Shortly after her return in 2001, Edel was elected to the first Guardianship Council of her municipality and participated in efforts to guarantee the rights of children and adolescents. Since then, she has taken part in various projects, movements, and social organizations of extractive communities. After over two decades of experience, not even she can remember everything.<\/p>\n

She fulfilled her dream of being the first person in her family to go to university, where she studied pedagogy. Later on, she completed a specialization course in Rural Education, Development and Sustainability and a master\u2019s in sustainable development in traditional towns and territories.<\/p>\n

Access to education marked a turning point in Edel\u2019s life, and she wanted to give the people of Maraj\u00f3 the same opportunity. To change the reality of the high illiteracy rates in her municipality, Edel voluntarily coordinated a project with more than forty literacy courses for youth and adults. This project led to the youth and adult literacy movement \u201cMova Par\u00e1 Alfabetizado\u201d (Agitate for a Literate Par\u00e1), a program run by Par\u00e1 state government.<\/p>\n

Under Edel\u2019s pedagogical supervision, the movement has reached the entire Maraj\u00f3 archipelago, where 22% of the population over the age of 15 is illiterate, whereas the rate for Brazil is 9.6%, according to the latest census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), published in 2010.<\/p>\n

\u201cI may not make money from most of the work I do, but my reward is achievement. When people stop violating a child\u2019s rights. When an adult learns to read and write and asks for a new identity document in which he can sign his name,\u201d explains the activist, with a catch in her voice.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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For a collective territory<\/h5>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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It is hard enough to work out how Edel\u2019s day fits into just 24 hours, but matters are complicated even further when challenges come into the equation. \u201cThis is a rich territory from the point of view of socio-biodiversity, but a poor one from an economic point of view. That doesn\u2019t add up,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n

Of the sixteen municipalities comprising the Maraj\u00f3 Archipelago, 14 have a low or very low Human Development Index (HDI), according to the Brazilian Human Development Atlas. Communities have poor basic sanitation and ineffective water treatment, which is a cause of disease in the region. Moreover, not all localities have electricity, telephone, or Internet access. Edel\u2019s community, for example, was only electrified about two years ago, as a result of popular pressure, which managed to disconnect the power lines of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant, which passed over the houses but did not reach them.<\/p>\n

In the midst of so many difficulties, Maraj\u00f3 has a solid history of organizing and social mobilization, of which CNS is the main reflection. The council, which was founded in 1985 by a group of rubber tappers, including Chico Mendes, a prominent Brazilian environmentalist, fought against the devastation of the rainforest and the expulsion of extractivist populations from their lands in the Amazon. The result was the recognition of the Extractivist Reserves (Resex), in 1990, as territories throughout Brazil, which protect the livelihoods and culture of extractivist populations, who make their livelihood from the sustainable use and management of natural resources.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe river is a means of transport as well as a source of food. In addition to their fruits, trees give us our demarcation references. We are defending a territory that is not just a piece of land, but a territory in which we exercise our way of life, ancestry and spirituality, dimensions that go beyond what can be measured,\u201d explains Edel.<\/p>\n

In addition to her educational work, Edel has always participated in debates on the regularization of land tenure. She was a speaker at the public hearing for the creation of the Terra Grande – Pracu\u00faba Resex, in Curralinho, in the state of Par\u00e1, a victory against the companies that had threatened to evict residents from the territory.<\/p>\n

As a result of her participation in the extractivist movement, Edel was the first female vice president of the CNS in over three decades of history. When she visited Chico Mendes\u2019 home in Xapuri, Acre state, she felt the energy that confirmed that she was part of the rubber tapper\u2019s legacy. I said to him: \u201cFriend, if you are in another dimension, you can rest easy, because here you are still very much alive. I will continue to be an instrument of your voice and your struggle, which is also that of many people,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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A daughter who is also a mother<\/h5>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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Her activities meant that Edel had to spend a lot of time outside her territory. In the city, she realized she was a woman from the Amazon. She became increasingly aware that her identity was tied to the territory she had left. Edel was a daughter, but also a mother of the forest.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are not orphans who need to be adopted. We are children of the earth, children of the forest,\u201d declared Edel at the first meeting of the Convention of Bel\u00e9m do Par\u00e1 Group on the Adopt a Park program, launched by the Ministry of the Environment in February this year. They are auctioning the land with us inside, without even asking us,\u201d she told the attendees, who are part of a network for the defense of social and environmental rights.<\/p>\n

Decades of achievements are now being threatened by the collective dismantling of environmental policies, says Edel. Among the threats is the Adopt a Park program, which encourages the donation of goods and services to the Amazon Conservation Units (UC) by companies or individuals. The initiative is framed as a solution to the lack of funding of the UC managing body, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio). In 2021, the government of President Jair Bolsonaro slashed ICMBio\u2019s budget by 24.4% in comparison with 2019.<\/p>\n

During the first phase of the program, 132 Conservation Units will be considered, including 50 Resex. In exchange for donations, companies will be able to put up a signpost in the area with their logo, indicate in advertisements that they are members of the adopted Conservation Unit, use the territory for temporary institutional activities, and be included in the management plan.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere is no provision authorizing the Ministry of the Environment to use the area without the authorization of the concessionaire and the UC Deliberative Council for purposes not foreseen in the respective management plan,\u201d says Edel.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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According to the movements opposing the program, there have been several violations of the rules and regulations. Edel points out that the measure does not respect the guidelines of the National System of Conservation Units or Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization, stating that all traditional peoples must be consulted, in a free, informed fashion, before decisions that may affect their property or rights are made.<\/p>\n

Edel believes that the program threatens the autonomy of communities in the interests of \u201cgreenwashing,\u201d whereby companies project an image that they are concerned about sustainability, but do not change their production methods that impact the environment. No territory has officially been adopted to date, but there are already eight protocols of intent from major international companies such as Carrefour, Coca-Cola, and Heineken, interested in the Lago do Cuni\u00e1 Resex (Rond\u00f4nia) in the Javari-Buriti Relevant Ecological Area of Interest (Amazon) and the Quilombo do Frechal Resex (Maranh\u00e3o) respectively.<\/p>\n

The lack of transparency of the program has also been criticized. The protocols of intent signed by the interested companies were not published by the MMA, \u201cwhich constitutes a violation of the principle of transparency of public administration,\u201d explains Pedro Martins, legal advisor for Tierra de Derechos. Moreover, the decree fails to clarify what goods and services private enterprise may transfer, while the work plans of the interested companies have not yet been made public, says Suely Ara\u00fajo, specialist in public policies at the Climate Observatory and former president of Ibama (Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources).<\/p>\n

The situation is even more serious because it is happening in the middle of the pandemic, adds Edel. Communities have little or no access to telephone and Internet signals, which are the means of resistance during the pandemic. We were able to contact Edel for this report because she was in Bel\u00e9m, the capital of Par\u00e1. \u201cThey are trying to push things through at a time when we can\u2019t react,\u201d she complains.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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[Careful!] “The adopting company is actually renting the territory. Traditional communities are simply being ignored. Can you imagine if I turned up and said that from now on your house was no longer yours and that I would set the rules? These are new forms of epistemicide, a type of destruction that began with the invasion of Brazil and is now continuing institutionally. These are our last spaces of resistance and existence.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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The \u201cAdopt a Park\u201d program is part of a context that reveals this government\u2019s lack of interest in the environment and traditional communities, to the detriment of policies that generate benefits, experts say. The first two years of the Bolsonaro administration saw the worst devastation of protected areas in the Amazon since 2008, according to a study by the Socioenvironmental Institute using data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). At the same time, 2.9 billion reais from the Amazon Fund for preservation actions have been frozen since April 2019, after Brazil changed the fund\u2019s management structure without consulting Norway or Germany, donor countries of the project.<\/p>\n

Moreover, in April 2021, the Regional Agreement on access to information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters in Latin America and the Caribbean, known as the Escaz\u00fa Agreement, came into force, but Brazil did not sign it. \u201cThe Bolsonaro government is planning to destroy forty years of public environmental policies,\u201d warns Ara\u00fajo.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Edel is human too<\/h5>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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\u201cIt is difficult to get away from rainforest time. In the stone forest (the city), life is complicated. I miss the time I didn\u2019t spend there because of all my comings and goings,\u201d Edel admits. Once, after three months of traveling through the north of Brazil, she heard a person from Maraj\u00f3 who was envious of her life and travels. At that time, when I arrived in Bel\u00e9m, I had no money to go home. I stayed there for two days, until I got a loan,\u201d she says. Deep down, sometimes she just wanted to be home with her family.<\/p>\n

In her mission to guarantee the well-being of the next generations of traditional peoples, Edel says she has always experienced a \u201cpopulated solitude.\u201d My son became a man, and I didn\u2019t even see him grow up. You pay a high price for the fight. Her personal history combines with a collective history, for which she feels responsible. \u201cBut I am also a woman; I want a husband; I want a child. You have to learn to balance all that.\u201d Edel is human too<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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[CAREFUL] “At first I thought I was fighting to save the rubber trees. Then I thought I was fighting to save the Amazon rainforest. Now I realize I am fighting for humanity.\u201d Chico Mendes<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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It has never been a matter of choice. Like Chico Mendes, Edel knows she is not just fighting for her own rights: Brazilian society has failed to understand that it is responsible for the territories, that it is not going to defend traditional communities and peoples, but that it is going to defend itself. The idea that society is separate, that the country and the city are unrelated, is completely mistaken.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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This report is part of the\u00a0Defenders of the Territory project<\/span>\u00a0sponsored by\u00a0Climate Tracker<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0FES Transformacion.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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Jessica brasil skroch (brasil) The defender from Maraj\u00f3 fights for the right to the territory as a place for the reproduction of life. In Maraj\u00f3, the people and the land are one. \u201cOne day I just want to highlight the beauties of my Maraj\u00f3. And say how many good people there are who conserve, preserve, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10770,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-defenders"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10851"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11235,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10851\/revisions\/11235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defensorasdelterritorio.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}